Obesity is a complex health condition characterized by an excess accumulation of body fat that increases the risk of other diseases and health problems. In layman's terms, obesity occurs when a person is significantly overweight with higher amounts of body fat in relation to lean tissue mass such as muscle and bone.
Central obesity, also called abdominal obesity or visceral fat, refers specifically to unhealthy excess fat surrounding the abdomen and organs and is particularly concerning as it is strongly linked with metabolic abnormalities like:
How is obesity typically measured?
While weight scales measure overall body weight, the most common method for assessing obesity is body mass index (BMI). This is a measure of weight in relation to height with thresholds denoting underweight, overweight, obesity, and morbid obesity.
Alternate methods for evaluating obesity include skinfold caliper measurements, underwater weighing, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans, and waist circumference measurements. Waist measurements over 35 inches for women and 40 inches for men signify central obesity.
What causes obesity?
Obesity is influenced by complex interactions between genetics, environment, behavior, and psychological factors. Sedentary lifestyles with excess caloric intake and inadequate physical activity levels are primary drivers. Underlying disease states and hormonal issues like polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), hypothyroidism, and growth hormone deficiency can also predispose individuals to obesity.
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How is obesity treated?
The fundamental treatment for obesity focuses on long-term lifestyle changes involving healthy balanced diets lower in processed sugars/carbohydrates alongside gradual increases in activity/exercise levels. Certain prescription and OTC weight loss aids may also be recommended to assist with appetite suppression, improved satiety, or nutrient absorption.
For morbid obesity, surgical procedures like gastric bypass and gastric sleeve surgery are options as well. These dramatically restrict stomach capacity leading to markedly reduced calorie intake and significant long-term weight loss.
In closing, obesity is a hazardous and increasingly prevalent condition requiring diligent prevention and evidence-based management. Through partnering with qualified healthcare experts and committing to sustainable behavioral improvements, positive progress combating obesity is absolutely achievable.