What is decreased muscle mass?
Decreased muscle mass, also known as sarcopenia, refers to the gradual loss of muscle tissue that can occur with aging or periods of inactivity.
Some key points about decreased muscle mass include:
- It's a natural part of the aging process: After age 30, adults tend to lose 3-5% of their muscle mass per decade. The rate increases after age 60.
- It can be caused by inactivity: Lack of exercise and physical activity can accelerate muscle loss. Prolonged bed rest or illness can also contribute.
- Symptoms include: weakened muscles, falls/instability, slowed walking speed, fatigue, weight loss, reduced strength.
- Long term impacts may include: loss of mobility and independence; increased risk of falls and fractures; reduced quality of life.
Specific types of decreased muscle mass:
- Sarcopenia: age-related muscle loss. Typically starts around age 40 and worsens after 60.
- Secondary sarcopenia: occurs due to inactivity, inadequate diet/nutrition, or underlying illnesses.
Diagnosis involves assessment of muscle mass and function via:
- Physical assessment of muscle strength
- Measurements of gait speed, grip strength
- Body composition analysis (DXA scanning)
Treatment options focus on:
- Nutrition and exercise: Consuming adequate protein and resistance training can help rebuild muscle.
- Addressing underlying issues: Correcting nutritional deficiencies, managing chronic diseases, treating age-related hormonal shifts.
- Medication in select cases: Endocrine treatments (hormone therapy), or prescription drugs for muscle protection/building.
While some amount of muscle loss is expected with aging, staying physically active, getting enough protein, and addressing medical issues can help preserve muscle and minimize issues caused by decreasing muscle mass. Speak with your doctor if you have ongoing weakness, fatigue or other symptoms.